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Types of Anxiety Disorder Medication Medicines can be a useful tool to help manage anxiety symptoms. disorders anxiety are trained in the use and prescription of medication. They can prescribe the appropriate medication to reduce the risk of side effects. Treatment for anxiety disorders is usually three-pronged, including psychotherapy, medication and exercise. SSRIs are the first-choice medications to treat anxiety, however they can take up to a week for them to work. SSRIs SSRIs are the drug that are most commonly prescribed for anxiety disorders. The most recent SSRIs have more favorable adverse effects than older tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and monoamine oxide inhibitors (MAOIs). There are a variety of SSRIs are FDA-approved to treat generalized anxiety disorder. These include fluoxetine (aka Prozac), paroxetine (aka Paxil), sertraline (aka Zoloft), and citalopram (aka Celexa). These drugs increase serotonin levels in the brain. They may also help to increase norepinephrine levels and BDNF. They can be used alone or in conjunction with psychotherapy. SSRIs can have negative effects, such as nausea and digestive problems However, these tend to improve as the body becomes used to the medication. The exact mechanism by which SSRIs help with anxiety is not fully understood. It is believed that SSRIs block serotonin reuptake in post-synaptic neuron and increase the amount of serotonin that is present in the synaptic gaps. This increases the amount of signaling across the synapse, which in turn decreases anxiety symptoms. In addition to reducing anxiety, SSRIs may reduce the frequency and severity of panic attacks. They can also help with depression and other mental health conditions that are often associated with anxiety disorders. They can be utilized in conjunction with psychotherapy or other forms of cognitive behavior therapy to increase their effectiveness. SSRIs are not addictive, unlike other antidepressants. However, it is essential to follow your doctor's instructions exactly. If you suddenly stop taking your medication, it could result in “discontinuation” syndrome and anxiety symptoms to return. If SSRIs aren't for your needs, your doctor may consider a different type of antidepressants, such as nefazodone or mirtazapine. These medications are also very effective, but carry more risk of having adverse effects than the more recent SSRIs. SSRIs can interact with certain foods such as dairy products and red meat, eggs as well as some fruits and vegetables. If you are taking these drugs it is a good idea to avoid these foods. It is also generally recommended to stay clear of drinking alcohol when you are taking SSRIs since it may cause a number of side effects. Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines boost the calming effect of certain chemicals in the brain and nervous system. They work by enhancing the effects of a neurotransmitter named Gamma-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) which inhibits the nerves' activity. These drugs are effective in treating insomnia, anxiety and various psychological disorders. However, they can be addictive and should only be used for brief durations of time under medical supervision. Benzos can be dangerous when used in a recreational manner, or when mixed with alcohol or other substances. The use of medication is often the first thing that people seek out when they're suffering from an anxiety disorder however they're not the only treatment option. Psychotherapy or talk therapy is also proven to be an effective method to decrease anxiety disorder symptoms. There are many different psychotherapies that can help however the most well-known and effective one is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). This kind of psychotherapy teaches you how to alter your thoughts and behaviors so that you don't feel stressed as much. The most commonly used benzodiazepines are alprazolam (Xanax) as well as chlordiazepoxide (Librium), diazepam (Valium) Clorazepate (Tranxene), the lorazepam (Ativan) and the quazepam (Dalmane). Each one has its own set of side effects, however, they all share similar properties pharmacologically. Clorazepate for instance is more effective at treating seizures compared to other benzodiazepines. Lorazepam on the contrary, is more effective at treating anxiety disorders than quazepam. Benzodiazepines are very effective but they should not be used for long periods of time since they can lead to physical dependence and tolerance. In addition, they can lead to withdrawal symptoms when you stop taking them suddenly for a short period of time, such as a pounding heart, sweating and shaking. The symptoms can be unpleasant and last for a few weeks. However they can be slowed down by reducing the medication slowly. Benzodiazepines are extremely addictive and should only be used for a brief period of duration – typically not more than 4 weeks. During this time, you will need to closely monitor your heart rate and blood pressure to ensure you don't suffer a severe withdrawal reaction. Consult your physician if you are considering a benzoodiazepine. Beta-blockers Beta-blockers are a kind of medication that helps to treat anxiety symptoms. These drugs block adrenaline from binding to beta receptors in your nervous system, preventing the hormone from triggering physical reactions like heart palpitations and tremors. These medications are usually prescribed to treat high blood-pressure and other cardiovascular issues. However, they can be prescribed off-label to treat anxiety. When you are feeling anxious, your body releases a chemical dubbed Adrenaline. This chemical signals your body to prepare itself for fight or flight. Adrenaline binds beta receptors found in the heart and brain, causing your heart to beat faster and triggering a variety of physical reactions. Beta-blockers are a class medication that treat hypertension and other heart-related conditions. They block adrenaline's binding. This assists in lowering the blood pressure and heart rate. Contrary to SSRIs and benzodiazepines that take a few weeks or months to show a significant improvement in your symptoms, beta-blockers can be acted upon quickly. This makes them a great choice for those who require immediate relief from anxiety-related symptoms for instance, those who have to give an address in public or take an airplane. They are also an excellent choice for those who suffer from anxiety as well as a chronic heart condition like atherosclerosis or congestive heart failure. Beta-blockers can help reduce physical symptoms of anxiety, but they don't address the root causes. This is why they are typically used as part of an overall treatment plan that includes counseling and lifestyle adjustments. They are useful for people who have tried medication for anxiety and found it to be ineffective, or had intolerable side effects. There are a variety of different kinds of beta-blockers such as propranolol and atenolol. Your doctor will determine which beta-blocker is right for you according to your medical background and current health status. These medications can trigger side effects, such as fatigue or low blood pressure It is therefore important to discuss your treatment options with your physician. MAOIs The first MAOIs were developed in the 1950s. monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are effective antidepressants for some anxiety and depression disorders. They aren't as widely used as SSRIs and other antidepressants due to the strict dietary restrictions needed and the potential for drug interactions. Some MAOIs can be taken orally in tablet form, while others (such as Emsam) come in the form of a transdermal patch that's applied to the skin every day. MAOIs inhibit the action of MAO, thereby increasing the amount of serotonin as well as norepinephrine that is found in the brain. These neurotransmitters are involved in sleep, mood, appetite, and sexual function. MAOIs are anti-anxiety. However they are more likely to trigger side effects than TCAs and SSRIs and are accompanied by warnings in boxes for suicide. Your doctor may prescribe additional medications or treatments to help manage your symptoms in addition to the MAOIs below. For instance, a beta-blocker (such as propranolol) is often prescribed to ease the physical symptoms of anxiety. Your doctor may also suggest a relaxation technique or other home remedies to ease your anxiety symptoms. Iproniazid was the first MAOI discovered in 1952 while conducting research on tuberculosis. It was quickly discovered that it could have mood-elevating qualities and is regarded as the first antidepressant drug. Generally, MAOIs are only used when other antidepressants do not work, as they may cause serious adverse reactions that require immediate medical attention. If you use an MAOI and eat foods that contain the chemical tyramine that is found in many red meats, cheeses, fish, shellfish, and certain dietary supplements, it can trigger an unintentional reaction that results in high blood pressure. Symptoms of this severe reaction include nausea, throbbing headaches vomiting, as well as a fast heart rate. MAOIs can also interact other drugs and cause extreme side effects, such as suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Before prescribing MAOIs, your doctor will talk with you about the foods you should avoid. The doctor will advise you against eating foods that contain tyramine when taking the drug. They will also give a list of foods that are safe to consume when taking MAOIs. This food guide will help you avoid MAOI-related symptoms.